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Neurokognitive Untersuchung der Vorliebe für sofortige Belohnungen

Neurokognitive Untersuchung der Vorliebe für sofortige Belohnungen

Christopher Smith

75,39 €
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Editorial:
KS OmniScriptum Publishing
Año de edición:
2025
Materia
Psicología
ISBN:
9786208951399
75,39 €
IVA incluido
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Diese Arbeit konzentriert sich auf die Auswirkungen verschiedener Zustandsfaktoren (Alter, Alkoholkonsum) und Merkmalsfaktoren (Geschlecht, Genetik) auf die Vorliebe für sofortige Belohnungen (Jetzt) (Wahl von „Jetzt' statt „Später') bei Menschen. Das Verständnis der Variablen, die die Jetzt-Bias beeinflussen, ist wichtig, da diese als intermediärer Phänotyp für Drogenmissbrauch dienen soll. Hier ergänze ich diese Datenlage, indem ich zeige, dass Erwachsene mit starkem Alkoholkonsum ohne Alkoholkonsumstörung (AUD) eine unmittelbare Belohnungsbias aufweisen, die in etwa der von Erwachsenen mit AUD entspricht. Auch Erwachsene mit leichtem Alkoholkonsum und einer familiären Vorgeschichte von AUD wiesen eine unmittelbare Belohnungsbias auf, die in etwa der von Erwachsenen mit AUD entspricht. Darüber hinaus haben wir festgestellt, dass die unmittelbare Belohnungsneigung bei leichten/moderaten Trinkern im Allgemeinen mit zunehmendem Alter abnimmt, was auf eine mögliche Rolle der Gehirnreifung hindeutet (die Mitte zwanzig ihren Höhepunkt erreicht, wo wir auch Veränderungen in der unmittelbaren Belohnungsneigung im Alter von etwa 26 Jahren beobachten). Darüber hinaus zeigen wir, dass ein genetischer Polymorphismus, der die Dopaminsignalisierung beeinflusst, und das weibliche Hormon Östradiol die unmittelbare Belohnungsneigung modulieren.

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